How NR Boosts NAD+？

2023-05-11

Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a derivative of vitamin B3. Nicotinamide riboside is a pyridine nucleoside, which serves as a precursor to NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). NAD+ stimulates most biological functions, including DNA repair, cellular energy production, and more. Unfortunately, these molecules naturally decrease with age.

NR is present almost in every living cells, from yeast to mammals. Some research has found that nicotinamide riboside chloride has some unique properties that can boost muscle performance, increase energy and NAD+ levels, which helps to improve some age-related conditions.

What is nicotinamide riboside?

Although NR is a form of vitamin B3, its specific properties make it quite different from many other forms of vitamin B3.

The main features you should know about NR are:

Synonyms: NR, nicotinamide riboside chloride, nicotinamide riboside Cl, TR U NIA GEN, ResveraC el, nicotinamide riboside hydrogen malate, NR hydrogen malate, etc;
CAS number: 1341-23-7;
Molecular formula: C₁₁H₁₅N₂O₅⁺;

Molecular weight: 255.25g/mol;
Color: white crystalline powder;
Solubility: slightly water soluble;
Purity: >98%;

Nicotinamide riboside forms and specifications

There are two forms of NR, nicotinamide riboside chloride (99%) powder and nicotinamide riboside hydrogen malate (99%) powder.

Nicotinamide riboside hydrogen malate is a precursor of NAD+ and administrated orally can increase NAD+ levels. NR hydrogen malate is a salt that does not require any specific equipment for manufacturing.

NR chloride seems to be expensive and requires a different process for its production. On the other hand, NR hydrogen malate is found to be stable, with a high yielding procedure, cheaper, safe, and easier for production.

They are both high-quality bulk products, stabilized, highly purified, and with high bioavailability.

Nicotinamide riboside food sources

NR comes naturally from dairy products such as milk, especially cow's milk. If you find one variant of vitamin B3 you will probably find another one too. According to one study, NR was found in Brewer's yeast. NR is more present in yeast than in cow's milk, but more research is needed. Food that is rich in nicotinamide or niacin, is rich in NR too.

Nicotinamide riboside vs niacin

Niacin is known as nicotinic acid (NA), and it is the original and the oldest form of vitamin B3. It's easy to find commonly in food sources like cereals.

On the other hand, NR is the newest version and latest version of vitamin B3. It has similar effects as niacin, but biochemically and structurally differs from niacin. Given niacin in high doses can cause unwanted side effects like flushing on the face, itching, irritation, etc. NR becomes more popular for use because no side effects were shown and it increases NAD+ levels much more efficiently than other vitamin B3 precursors.

Nicotinamide vs nicotinamide riboside

Nicotinamide, known as niacinamide, is an amide of nicotinic acid. NAM is more similar to NAD, so it has small to no side effects. Nicotinamide doesn't cause harmful effects like flushing or itching. While NAM is shown to be an effective acne treatment, NR has many additional benefits.

Nicotinamide may also inhibit the sirtuin enzymes which are responsible for DNA repair, immune responses, and many other functions, which leads to blocking accelerated aging. Unlike NAM, NR increases the NAD+ levels far more.

Nicotinamide riboside vs NMN

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is an NAD+ precursor. The body uses NMN to produce NAD. NMN provides certain health benefits like prolonging cell life, improving blood flow, and metabolism.

To compare to NR, let’s take a look at NMN specifications:

Synonyms: Nicotinamide ribonucleoside 5′-phosphate, β-Nicotinamide ribose monophosphate, nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide, Nicotinamide nucleotide;
CAS number: 1094-61-7;
Molecular formula: C₁₁H₁₅N₂O₈P;
Molecular weight: 334.221 g·mol⁻¹

NMN is a larger molecule than NR, and can't enter the cell directly, whereas NR can enter the cell. NR could provide various benefits depending on the target, for NMN more research in humans is needed for better understanding its benefits.

Fletcher RS, Lavery GG (2018). "The emergence of the nicotinamide riboside kinases in the regulation of NAD+ metabolism". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. 61 (1): R107–R121. doi:10.1530/JME-18-0085.

Nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene

Pterostilbene (PT) is a dietary compound naturally found in blueberries and pterocarpus marsupium (PM) heartwood. It can increase bioavailability due to the presence of two methoxy groups. Therefore, will improve the effect as a dietary compound. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-carcinogenic properties which can improve the functions of the cells. It is similar to resveratrol but is easier to absorb from the gut in your body.

NRPT is a combination of NR and PT, a potent sirtuins activator. In clinical trials, NRPT has increased blood NAD+ levels in the participants. The given dose of NRPT was safe and efficient to use. They both have synergistic effects in various health benefits such as acute kidney injury, heart disease, extend lifespan. The synergistic effects show no side effects and NRPT is safe to use in treatment.

How does nicotinamide riboside powder work?

NR acts as an NAD+ booster, which is a very important molecule. NR is converted in the body into NAD+, and as we age, NAD+ levels start to decrease. Low NAD+ levels can cause unwanted side effects. NR can boost NAD+ levels in the blood. High NAD+ levels mean better DNA protection. High levels also lead to a better cardiovascular system, kidney, and brain function, improve DNA damages, and many other health benefits.

NR can promote cellular health and energy that have positive effects on your daily routine. Also, it allows sustained energy through the day and overall improvements.

Nicotinamide riboside powder manufacturing process

NR is manufactured in 2 steps:

1. Acetonitrile and gaseous hydrogen chloride are added to a solution of D-Ribofuranose tetra-acetate. D-ribofuranose triacetate chloride is formed as an intermediate phase via NMR. Nicotinamide and acetonitrile are added as reagents until the reaction to Nicotinamide-D-Riboside Chloride is complete.

2. Nicotinamide-beta-riboside triacetate chloride is added into methanol. Ammonium hydroxide is slowly added until de-acetylation is confirmed. The solution undergoes different processes until the final product Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride is obtained.

For the detailed manufacturing process and raw materials used, please contact us or leave a message online. We'll reply to you within 8 hours.

Potential Benefits

Acetonitrile and gaseous hydrogen chloride are added to a solution of D-Ribofuranose tetra-acetate. D-ribofuranose triacetate chloride is formed as an intermediate phase via NMR. Nicotinamide and acetonitrile are added as reagents until the reaction to Nicotinamide-D-Riboside Chloride is complete.
Nicotinamide-beta-riboside triacetate chloride is added into methanol. Ammonium hydroxide is slowly added until de-acetylation is confirmed. The solution undergoes different processes until the final product Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride is obtained.

Some science researches have shown that NR has promising results in various health conditions such as:

Anti-aging and longevity

NR supplementation can increase lifespan in mice, yeast, and worms. NR acts as an NAD+ booster, and that’s why was shown to have positive results in anti-aging and longevity. Therefore, taking NR supplementation is an effective way to slow down aging. Its high bioavailability indicates positive effects on longevity.

Cellular energy metabolism and repair

Higher NAD+ levels mean better DNA protection and repair. NAD+ eases cellular energy metabolism and stimulates NAD+ production, so NAD+ is linked to cellular metabolism. With high NAD+ levels, you can feel the benefits of cellular energy and cellular repair.

Nicotinamide riboside powder side effects

NR powder has shown no side effects and is safe to use. But please consult your doctor first if it may or may not be right for you.

Nicotinamide riboside powder dosage

Normally the dosage for dietary supplement in the market is around 500 mg.

Where to buy bulk nicotinamide riboside powder

Hygieia Biotechnology is a professional manufacturer that offers raw bulk products such as NR powder for your industry. As a bulk product, NR 99% powder comes in a package as 1kg/bag, 25kg/drum. The product is 99% purity, and it is slightly soluble in water.

Advantages

Third-party tested, which means it meets certain standards in the manufacturing process;
It has 99% purity. This means that has higher absorption and bioavailability for the cells, longevity, and anti-aging;
It is a safe and non-toxic product.

Want to know more about NR, NMN and NAD, get technical documents such as COA (Certificate of analysis), MSDS, request a quote? Please contact us or

References

Samuel Aj Trammell, Liping Yu , Philip Redpath et al. (2016). Nicotinamide Riboside Is a Major NAD+ Precursor Vitamin in Cow Milk. J Nutr. 2016 May;146(5):957-63. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.230078. Epub 2016 Apr 6.
Denise McCormack and David McFadden. A Review of Pterostilbene Antioxidant Activity and Disease Modification. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2013: 575482.2013 Apr 4. doi: 10.1155/2013/575482

IMPORTANT: This infomation is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease, and it should not be used by anyone who is pregnant or under the care of a medical practitioner. Please consult your physician about which supplements may or may not be right for you.

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